Inside Job Analytical Report - 3567 Words

INSIDE JOB. Was the 2008 MELTDOWN avoidable? Memorandum of Transmittal To: Sir Azmat Ahmad Ansari From: Syeda Benazir Burhan Date: 28/2/2013 Subject: Analytical Report on the Documentary Inside Job In response to your request of 14/2/2013, I have analyzed the documentary Inside job. Im pleased to present enclosed report, which summarizes the financial break down in the year 2008, described in the documentary. Based on my analysis, the subject of Inside Job is the global financial crisis of 2008. It features research and extensive interviews with financiers, politicians, journalists, and academics. The film follows a narrative that is split into five parts. The film focuses on changes in the financial industry in the decade†¦show more content†¦It was when hundreds of S L companies failed. The tax payers paid the cost- 124 billion for the crisis and some, all their life’s savings. Thousands of S L execs went to jail, including Keating. Even after what happened to S L, Greenspan went on to become chairman of The Federal Reserve and was reappointed by Clinton and Bush Jr. While under the supremacy of Clinton, deregulation continued. Treasury Sec. Robert Rubin (Goldman Sachs CEO) and Larry Summers (Harvard economics professor) were the key players of that time. 1990s ï‚ · Beginning in the 1990’s Financial sectors were consolidated into a few gigantic firms that were so large, their failure threatened the whole system. On the contrary, Clinton Administration helped them grow even larger. Deregulation and advances in technology led to an explosion of complex financial products called â€Å"derivatives†. Economists and bankers claimed that theyd make markets safer, but in reality, they caused more instability. The Cold War ended, high tech turned to financial markets to work with investment firms (weapons of mass financial destruction). Many regulators, politicians, and business people poo poo the threat, financial innovation poses to the industry. But the reaction was really indifferent. While by using derivatives, bankers started gambling on virtually anything. ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · -the rise and fall of oil prices -theShow MoreRelatedDeveloping New Skills Through Training1290 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers, and merchants to process new accounts while maintaining or renewing others. (McCuddy, 2016) Jeannette Harrison, vice president of AMEX, believes that her learning philosophy based on customer service, and leadership performance changes lives inside and outside of the workplace. It extends from daily operations to impact families, neighbors and communities. To develop employee superior performance, she further stresses on the importance to comply with all the regulations and legislations. HarrisonRead MoreEssay on Cases 9 Don Russell Experiences of a ControllerCFO739 Words   |  3 Pagesaccounting system cost reductions were realized Allowed the possibility for accounting fraud by modernizing the accounting system Did’nt inform top-management at the beginning Was not able to convince top-management Analytical skills: Not sure, not fulfilled Business judgment: not sure Recommendations: makes recommendations, furfilled Interpersonal skills: Conclusion: He gave recommendation on changing the accounting system, but could not change the top managementsRead MoreCareer Aspirations1515 Words   |  7 Pagespace. * The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is the world’s premier business qualification * The MBA degree should supply three main value propositions: Skills, Networks, and Brand.   Career Aspirations * Develop and apply analytical and decision-making techniques required within a senior management role in the marketing sector(Learning to manage in this business context requires new and higher levels of knowledge, business and personal skills) * The MBA is a means of enhancingRead MoreCritical Thinking About Steve Jobs1429 Words   |  6 Pages 2 Steve Jobs is the chosen one 3 Explore myself and Successful lesson 4 Reference 5 Introduction In this assignment report gives us some different positions of one person and analyzes that to recognize strength or weakness of myself by using information from Critical Thinking Slides. I also define any changes in my mind when I have an opportunity to comparing my own with the chosen one. All this information was created by individual and collected from the books: * Steve Jobs a biographyRead MoreLaboratory Management- General Functions of a Laboratory Manager1249 Words   |  5 Pagespossess good analytical, problem solving and decision making skills. They must have a positive, pro-active attitude and pay close attention to detail. They need first class planning and time-management skills. They must also have the ability to motivate staff members. They should be a good listener and have the ability to communicate ideas and instructions clear and in a concise manner. They should be able to understand graphs and accounts, maintain accurate records, and put schedules and reports togetherRead MoreManaging A Successful Fashion Brand Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesfashion industry is responsible for ensuring the success of a designer’s product line with its consumers. They are known as the point-person for developing, implementing, and executing marketing initiatives and activities for their brand. (Brand Manager Job Description | Palad in Staffing). Learning about how a brand is created and what is necessary for a brand to succeed is important in the world of marketing. The relationship between a brand manager and the creator of a brand is imperative in the successRead MoreAnalytical Units2022 Words   |  9 Pagesto identify patterns and trends to be able to implement deterring measures. The analytical unit will be involved in the improvement of short and long-term decision making processes. The analytical unit will also have the ability to manage, allocate and deploy their resources to be able to stop as much criminal activity as possible. This will be done by providing an expedient and accurate conveyance of the analytical data collected. The role of an analyst has a misconception of being a statisticianRead MoreRhode Island s Public Policy Guidelines Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesMassachusetts uses, which could open the door for â€Å"empowered† schools in Rhode Island. Proposed public policy guidelines, best practices, evaluations on potential educational funding, cost benefit analysis, and risks will be analyzed. Finally, this report will look into what possible recommendations could be made from the outcome of this research. Introduction Focusing on Rhode Island’s future, which encompasses the education of our youth is a continuing topic of discussion. However, it is emphasizedRead MoreBig Data And Business Innovation1665 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Big Data to improve the standard auditing procedure. However, certain challenges may prevent it from assisting in its full potential. In addition to challenges in the auditing profession, Big Data also has its own ethical implications. In this report, all of these facets of Big Data will be discussed in detail. Definitions Big Data refers to the large amounts of data that businesses deal with on a day-to-day basis. Big Data can be defined in many ways, but this is one of the most general definitionsRead MorePsychometric Tests And Why Do Employers Use Them?1582 Words   |  7 Pagesof the personality tests is to measure the behavioral style, and motivators for the potential employee for example, whether an employee prefer working in a group or on its own, or he or she is more likely to be a leader or follow others. In a self-report questionnaire the questions are usually covert (reading the question does not show what it measures) The results of the questionnaire are collected and then ‘personality profile’ is created The personality test is not the same as the aptitude tests:

Newman’s Sermon Free Essays

string(179) " that such evidence is deficient, but whether of true religion or a false one the evidence for or against religion is not of the kind that will convince someone against his will\." A summary 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faith presumes. Reason examines. We will write a custom essay sample on Newman’s Sermon or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because we believe one thing it is easier to believe the next. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faith and Reason have different starting points. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Faith has a bearing on practice. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faith is presumption rather than proof. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We cannot inherit faith but must acquire it for ourselves. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To have Faith is to test oneself. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Religion won’t convince someone who doesn’t want to be convinced. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What we believe is based upon our previous experience. 10.   Faith is a test of character not of intellect. 11.   Reason is opposed to Faith, but so is unbelief. 12.   Faith doesn’t depend upon intellectual ability. 13.   There seems to be no rule about what to believe and what not. A safe guard is there needed. Many think this should be education. Faith is then an act of reason. Not so. Faith’s safeguard is a right state of heart. 18 and 19. Personal faith is the way to eternal life. 20. Because we love we can recognise the love of the Saviour. 21.We believe because we love. 22,23,24. Examples from scripture. 25. Holiness and love will keep us safe and on track. 26. Faith is an act of reason and based upon a presumption prompted by love 27. Faith turns us away from evil towards good. 28. Lack of faith leads to disobedience. 29. For the Christian faith supercedes sacrifice because of the atonement. 30. For many Christians their faith is tinged with superstition. 31. We should act on faith   and so not be misled as to what is God’s will. 32. Gospel truths cannot be contradicted by modern ideas. 33. Paul said the   gospel was the fulfilment of the law. 34. Judaizers first believed, but clung to law. 35. The Gospel completes the faith of the Jews. 36. It builds on what is revealed by nature 37. True faith is moving from the unknown to the known, from darkness to light. 38. That is all we need. Love, the safeguard of faith against superstition â€Å"The sheep follow Him, for they know His voice. And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him, for they know not the voice of strangers.† John 10 v. 4, 5. 1.Looked at logically Faith has this characteristic – it presumes, it trusts, rather than looking at evidence, rather than by measuring and examining. This is what distinguishes it from Knowledge as we use that word in our everyday lives. We say we know something when we have found it out by natural methods. We can be said to know a mathematical fact when we can demonstrate it to be true. We know that things are present because we sense them. We know about events that take place by using our moral judgement and so judge them to be good or bad. We know about the past and things we will never see by the evidence that we find . When for instance we hear testimony of a miracle occurring from honest men who are neither being deceived or out to deceive us we may be said to know what they testify to as fact. We know about the nature of the case because of the Evidence and when we believe in a miracle because of such Evidence we can be said to believe because of reason. 2. By using our reason we look at the evidence and we believe, and because we believe one thing we can go forward and believe something else. In the general sense Faith is this kind of knowledge – a presumption based on evidence. But as in earlier discourses Reason can be contrasted with Faith as meaning what can be inferred from evidence and which therefore leads to knowledge. 3. Faith is based on presumption and Reason on factual knowledge. Reason makes the fact that is to ascertained the most important point [1].It then looks at the evidence available. It doesn’t exclude what has gone before [2], but doesn’t begin with that. Faith has a different starting point. It begins on a basis of previous knowledge and opinions which, though they may not lead to exactly the same conclusion tend towards it. To take a step of faith is to act before absolute certainty. It could be said to be against Reason or even to triumph over Reason, to take hold of what Reason sees as beyond its reach. Faith is beyond argument, and so is not capable of being argued against and cannot defend itself by using logic i.e. it seems illogical. 4. So why are we bothering with it. Because I believe that Faith has a bearing on practice. Our text was ‘The sheep follow him because they know his voice.’ Their faith leads them to follow. 5. As things turn out day by day we see that Faith is a judgement made by reaching out towards facts, a presumption in their proof, rather than a search for proof. There is no doubt that for the vast majority of sincerely religious   who stake their happiness upon Faith, do so not from examination of the facts , but from a spontaneous move of the heart. They reach out to meet with God despite the fact that they can’t see him. They discern his presence in symbols that are provided [3]. They may perhaps later examine more closely the evidence on which their faith is founded and see whether or not they are justified in believing, but their faith did not begin with the evidence, nor is it affected by the strength of their knowledge,[4] although it may be strengthened by such knowledge. They believe because of something within themselves, not basing their faith only on what Religion teaches. 6. Many Christians can be said to have merely inherited the Faith. They need a faith of their own. 7. Everyone needs to test his own Faith rather than merely accept what he is told. 8. Not that such evidence is deficient, but whether of true religion or a false one the evidence for or against religion is not of the kind that will convince someone against his will. You read "Newman’s Sermon" in category "Essay examples" I don’t mean that the evidence has no value one way or another, for or against Christianity, but that few people, in the bustle of their daily lives, have time to consider all the evidence before making decisions. Most of us, most of the time, make judgements by stepping out and meeting the evidence to a greater or lesser degree.[5] 9. This is the way in which we make judgements, because we cannot do it any other way. We act upon only part of the evidence. We make judgements based on the way we feel, how credulous we are, and what seems feasible and safe often based on our previous experience. It is the same with religious experiences. When we apparently experience the supernatural we judge it according to how much we want to believe it. Such judgements are based upon such things as our views of life and our knowledge of the miraculous. We decide whether or not something is true according to how the alleged miracle fits into our existing religious life and knowledge. 10. These religious judgements are not exactly like those we make in our ordinary lives. Evidence about worldly matters is all around us and our minds are not necessarily capable or discrimination between truth and falsehood. Religious facts are fewer in number and of a different kind and the powers we use to judge them are correspondingly stronger. Even the wisest person can make worldly judgements that are wrong, and go against the evidence available, but this does not necessarily mean that even the most ordinary intellect need be wrong in making judgements about the more important kingdom of heaven. I believe that a merciful God are so ordered things that faith, based on presumption, will lead to the same conclusions as if, as the minority do, we carefully examine the evidence. I am not speaking of the trustworthiness of Faith, but of its nature. Faith is a test of moral character. This is the essence of religious faith as opposed to Reason, which by its nature excludes prejudice or what we want to happen in favour of carefully examining the facts. We make multiple decisions on the way when using reason, before we come to a fixed conclusion. This means that there is little merit in getting   the right answer in, for example , a mathematical problem or indeed little guilt involved in making a wrong decision because of a faulty memory. 11. So we see Faith as being opposed to Reason, but we must not forget that Unbelief is also opposed to Reason. Unbelief considers itself to be totally logical, but when it comes to questions of religion Unbelief criticizes the evidence not in a logical way, but because it doesn’t suit. It makes presumptions in a similar way to that which Faith does, but in a negative rather than a positive way. It is the opposite of Faith. It considers religion to be so impossible that it fails to see the evidence. Unbelievers consider themselves rational beings, but they do not decide by evidence. They just make decisions and stick with them. Hume,[6] in the case of alleged miracles, said ‘What have we to oppose†¦..but the absolute impossibility or miraculous nature of the events†¦.’ Hume   sees improbability as sufficient reason for denying the evidence, but presumptions made on either the   side of Faith or Unbelief cannot, by their nature, be proved. Hume went on to say of Faith, ‘Mere Reason is insufficient to convince us of its veracity. 12. Faith   is an exercise of presumptive reasoning which is open to all and does not depend upon intellectual ability. If the majority believe, not because of careful examination of the evidence, but because they are ‘ordained to eternal life’ then this must be the way that God wants it. There may be difficulties with our Faith, but let us face up to them and so overcome them. 13. Such a view of Faith may be made an excuse for all kinds of bigotry and lead to superstition. There seems to be no rule for what is to be believed and what not. If we are to accept the miracles and Revelations of Christianity why not those of other faiths? 14. So a safeguard is needed if Faith is not to become superstition.   The consensus seems to be that if you educate people about their Faith and encourage them to reflect you will avoid fanaticism and superstition. 15. If this is so then Faith is an act of Reason. 16.Yet I deny that any intellectual act is necessary for right Faith, that it needs to be more than a presumption or that it necessarily needs to be fortified by education. The safeguard of Faith is a right state of heart. It is holiness and love which is the principles behind true faith. 17.18.19. Christ is the way into the kingdom of God. Knowing him in a personal way and following him in Faith is the way to eternal life. 20. The Jews didn’t love Christ   and so were unable   to see him as Saviour. Just as a child trusts his parents because of the affection he receives so we believe because we love . 21. Just as sheep do not follow a stranger so we won’t be misled if we know and follow Christ. We believe because we love. 22. This doctrine is expounded in several places such as Ist Corinthians 2 which teaches us the worthlessness of natural Reason. 23.24. Other examples from scripture. 25. Holiness and love are what keep us on track and prevent us getting caught out by things that are wrong. 26. Right Faith is the Faith of a right mind. It is an intellectual act, an act of reasoning based upon presumption and stirred into action by a spirit of love and purity. We will recognise true Revelation because it not be in opposition to the nature of God. 27. Superstition is the worship of evil spirits. Faith is an instinct of Love towards both God and man. It will cause us to turn from what is evil and towards what is good. 28. Lack of faith leads to disobeying God’s laws. 29. However what is superstition for a Jew or Christian is not necessarily so for a heathen   who is not bound by the rules of his Faith. Blood sacrifices for a heathen are not   necessarily superstitious, but for the Christian they have been superseded by the   blood of Christ in the Atonement. 30. Take the example of the viper which bit St Paul on Malta. The people might have been mistaken in believing him to be a god, but at least they were aware of the possibility of heavenly intervention in human life. They weren’t Christians but they recognised the presence of God with Paul. 31. The woman with an issue of blood. Was that superstition? Her action did not fit with what she knew. She recognised in Jesus someone who could save her, yet she stayed on the edge. She didn’t want to bother him. Yet Christ commended her faith . In her faith tinged with superstition and humility we see many believers through the ages, who impair their true vision of God by concentrating on outward emblems. 32. In I Kings 13 we have the story of prophet of Judah who was credulous enough to be misled by the lying prophet. Not   a well known story, but an important one as it reminds us that even God’s people can be led astray. 33 It is not Faith but superstition that leads to stories of omens, charms and so on. We have found Christ already. If the doctrine of today contradicts that which has already been revealed we must disguard it or face the consequences. 34. That was what the Judaizers did. They received the Spirit but went back to the Law. Paul fought against such ideas and   proclaimed that the Gospel was the true fulfilment of the Law. 35. In the case of the heathen he paid respect to their beliefs, but tried to show how the Gospel was the completion of Faith.[7], a fulfilment of what had already been revealed to them by nature. This is real Faith, a moving forward, closer to God. A move from the known to the unknown. It is made perfect not by intellect but by obedience, the act of a pure, obedient and devout mind. 37.This is sufficient. [1] As when a scientist states the hypothesis which his experiment will prove [2] As when Newton said ‘I stand on the shoulders of giants.’ [3] Such as the bread and wine of communion. [4] And so is not affected by their intellectual capacity – a child may have faith and so may a university don. [5] As when we meet someone for the first time and make judgements about his character based on only a brief acquaintance. [6] David Hume, Philosopher, ‘An enquiry concerning human understanding’. [7]   Acts 17 v 16 ff. How to cite Newman’s Sermon, Essay examples

Business Environment Sales of an Organisation

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment for Sales of an Organisation. Answer: 1. Social networking plays a significant role in increasing the sales of an organization by increasing interactions with the customers. The organizations share their content and product information on social media so that the users get all the information and visit the website to share or like the content. Customers use one of the common platforms such as Twitter or Facebook that helps to increase flow of communication. It is a great way to display the performance of the business and providing valuable service to the customers (Hurwitz, 2009). Therefore, it helps to achieve competitive advantage in the market. 2. Web platform is a fundamental innovation that has changed the business world. The internet is being used increasingly to create platform where applications such as databases and word processing can be accessed through web browser. The web platforms provides integration between conventional desktop and web based operations and allows the documents to be stored on the remote servers and enables the users to access the files via web browser from anywhere. Therefore, it means there is no need to have software on wireless device or each computer with internet access (Jackson, 2012). The web services provide a wide platform to the organizations to operate their businesses. 3. The full advantage of the web platforms is likely not be achieved for some times. The main reason behind it is the security issues that are increasing day by day. The increase in security risks such as hacking, loss of data and malware has led to a major threat on the use of internet. The need of speeding the internet connections is also a major concern for the users of internet. The development of internet is very much important for users and for the business organizations (Marks Lozano, 2010) . It will contribute in widening the gap between the technology users and also increasing the need for developing countries to be connected technologically. However, the use of internet for networking and computer based activities will substantially increase in coming year. The main issue faced by the users of internet is security issues. 4. The use of internet is increasing day by day in the current business environment that has led to increase in expectations. The cloud computing has gained its popularity by solving the problem of storage system. However, there are uncertainties in the development of cloud computing. The major issue with cloud computing is security issue which imposes significant impact on the users. One of the main reasons behind the uncertainty of cloud computing is that the object is not very well understood by all and some inadvertent factors have the potential of influencing the way in which it works. Retrospective uncertainty lies in the fact there has not been much information and data gathered about its behavior in the past. Technical uncertainty lies in the fact that it is not possible to specifically predict the results of the future from the decisions of the present (Rountree Castrillo, 2014). 5. Work practices and productivity are bound to be enhanced due to the incorporation of cloud computing. It would help in maintaining business continuity as data and information in a system gets backed up and protected in a safe and secure location so the concerned individual of the organization can access it without much difficulty. The productivity of a workplace gets increased as a cloud environment gives the opportunity to a business to collaborate and communicate with others in a much better manner. Moreover cloud computing gives the opportunity to the employees of an organization to have flexible work hours that help the workers to meet up with the deadline that they have been assigned in an effective manner and therefore the companys performance also increases. Access to automatic updates is provided by cloud computing and this helps the organizations to automatically update its IT requirements without having to go through many problems. 6. In case of a web platform provider that reaches a dominant standard there are many benefits and advantages in the store. It consumes less bandwidth and thus ensures faster downloads which is bound to be very beneficial for any individual that uses that platform. Secondly, the search engine optimization gets improved without needing to undergo much costs and this cost effectiveness can be very helpful for the web platform itself. Increased website traffic aids the web platform to maintain contact with the users at each and every level. Therefore achieving the level of a dominant standard can prove to be very advantageous for a web platform. 7. Most of the computers used all over the world is incorporated with the Microsoft software and thus most of the users are accustomed to the way in which it works. Therefore when Microsoft develops web based applications, more users are bound to opt for it as they are familiar with the way in which it will work. Secondly the web based applications created by Microsoft is bound to comply with the Microsoft Office Software incorporated in the computers and thus would be more accepted by the users. These are the basic advantages that Microsoft would have while developing web based applications (Sosinsky, 2011). These applications in no time will become popular as the common users of the application will attract potential users of the application. 8. With the advent of internet and at the present time different web based applications that cover each and every subject and topic under the sun, the world has become a very small place. Therefore learning has become a very easy process as one can search for any application and learn about the particular topic that he or she wants to. It can thus be said that the web based applications have enhanced the access to knowledge by a much greater extent. References Hurwitz, J. (2009).Cloud computing for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub. Jackson, K. (2012).OpenStack cloud computing cookbook. Birmingham: Packt Publishing. Marks, E. Lozano, B. (2010).Executive's guide to cloud computing. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Rountree, D. Castrillo, I. (2014).Basics of cloud computing. Amsterdam: Elsevier Syngress. Sosinsky, B. (2011).Cloud computing bible. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.

Internet Essays (2669 words) - Negotiation, Dispute Resolution

Internet 1.0 INTRODUCTION Negotiation is a common word that always appears in our personal and professional lives. Business is also negotiating. From the day you start thinking about having your own company, you are negotiating every step of the way. We negotiate when we buy office furniture, or when we do a project with co-worker, or when we are dealing with customers or even business partners. You will pay a price if you do not recognise the process for negotiation. Sometimes it is easy to negotiate, but other times, when we have a great deal at stake or we are upset, the task can be intimidating or difficult. In this paper, we are going to talk about what negotiation is, some stages, rules, strategies, etc. that can help you work and negotiate more effectively with your customer, co-workers, and boss. Also, they are also applicable to other interpersonal situations. (http://members.nbci.com/_XMCM/cooperate/neg.htm) & (http://www.findarticles.com/cf_1/m1471/n3_v20/20350497/print.jhtml) 2.0 FINDINGS 2.1 What negotiation means Negotiation is the process through which two or more parties seek an acceptable rate of exchange for items they own or control. (Meredith & Mantel, 2000, p.229) Negotiation is a field of knowledge and endeavor that focuses on gaining the favor of people from whom we want things. (Meredith & Mantel, 2000, p.229) Negotiating is an inter-personal process. Each negotiating situation is different and influenced by each partys skills, attitudes and style. Understanding the negotiation process and the party involved with allow us to manage negotiation easier in satisfying both parties interest. Increase your salary; get you a better position; gather support for your project or department; gain approval for a budget; and improve your chance for success on the job are the reasons for negotiation. You will benefit through the process of negotiation if you success at the end. Therefore, it pays to overcome your aversion to haggling and your negotiating skills will be improved through the entire process. (http://www.findarticles.com/cf_1/m1471/n3_v20/20350497/print.jhtml) & (http://www.smartbiz.com/sbs/arts/bly60.htm) 2.2 Types of Negotiation Within Organization 2.2.1 Horizontal or In-Team Negotiations STAFF (PARTY A) STAFF (PARTY B) (http://www.lead.org/lead/training/international/usa/1999/docs/papers/effective_negotiation_techniques.htm) This type of negotiation refers to negotiations within group. Examples of this type of negotiation include assigning project responsibility, project meeting date and time, etc.) 2.2.2 Vertical Negotiations (http://www.lead.org/lead/training/international/usa/1999/docs/papers/effective_negotiation_techniques.htm) This type of negotiation refers to negotiations within organization. Normally this type of negotiations occurs between Manager to Staff, Management to Manager, Staff to Customers, etc. 2.2.3 External Negotiations (http://www.lead.org/lead/training/international/usa/1999/docs/papers/effective_negotiation_techniques.htm) This type of negotiation includes some external bodies such as Government, Trade Associations, etc. Company policy and Trade policy are examples of the issues to be negotiated. 2.2.4 Others Other types of negotiations include spokesperson negotiations, subcommittee negotiations, and multilateral negotiations, which are normally, occur in an informal private conference between staff. Member 1 in Party A have an informal conversation with Member 1 in Party B is an example of informal private conference. (http://www.lead.org/lead/training/international/usa/1999/docs/papers/effective_negotiation_techniques.htm) 2.3 Possible outcomes of Negotiation 2.3.1 Integrative (Win-Win) Integrative refers to a type of negotiation outcomes, which is a both sides WIN situation. Both parties cooperate in the negotiation process to maximize and distribute resources fairly to achieve mutual benefits. Integrative outcome is an ideal outcome that can maintain relationship with others for further development. (http://www.cba.neu.edu/~ewertheim/interper/negot3.htm) 2.3.2 Distributive (Win-Lose) Distributive refers to a type of negotiation outcomes, which are one side WIN and one side LOSE. The main reason of ending up a Win-Lose situation is one persons interests oppose the others and to maximise ones own interests. The dominant strategies in this mode include manipulation, forcing, and withholding information. (http://www.cba.neu.edu/~ewertheim/interper/negot3.htm) 2.4 Types of negotiators Negotiation is always affected by the personality of the negotiators. There are 2 main types of negotiator personality. They are: 2.4.1 Autocratic Negotiators Autocratic Negotiators clearly understand what they want and need in the negotiation process. But very often, you will find this type of negotiators fail to negotiate effectively because they do not have the ability to listen the need of the other party to figure the big picture of the negotiation issue. (http://www.onlinewbc.org/Docs/manage/negotiating.html) 2.4.2 Accommodating Negotiators Accommodating Negotiators are more concerned about what the other party want than their own needs. Accommodating Negotiators try to avoid argue and conflict arise in the negotiation process by giving certain amount of compromise, sometimes even override their own interest. (http://www.onlinewbc.org/Docs/manage/negotiating.html) 2.4.3 Good Negotiators The project manager must be a highly skilled negotiator in order to meet the high demands of a job of a project manager. A good/highly skilled negotiator

Definition of Horticultural Society in Sociology

Definition of Horticultural Society in Sociology A horticultural society is one in which people subsist through the cultivation of plants for food consumption without the use of mechanized tools or the use of animals to pull plows. This makes horticultural societies distinct from agrarian societies, which do use these tools, and from pastoral societies, which rely on the cultivate of herd animals for subsistence. Overview of Horticultural Societies Horticultural societies developed around 7000 BCE in the Middle East and gradually spread west through Europe and Africa and east through Asia. They were the first type of society in which people grew their own food, rather than relying strictly on the hunter-gather technique. This means that they were also the first type of society in which settlements were permanent or at least semi-permanent. As a result, the accumulation of food and goods was possible, and with it, a more complex division of labor, more substantial dwellings, and a small amount of trade. There are both simple and more advanced forms of cultivation used in horticultural societies. The most simple use tools such as axes (to clear forest) and wooden sticks and metal spades for digging. More advanced forms may use foot-plows and manure, terracing and irrigation, and rest plots of land in fallow periods. In some cases, people combine horticulture with hunting or fishing, or with the keeping of a few domesticated farm animals. The number of different kinds of crops featured in gardens of horticultural societies can number as high 100  and are often a combination of both wild and domesticated plants. Because the tools of cultivation used are rudimentary and non-mechanic, this form of agriculture is not particularly productive. Because of this, the number of people composing a horticultural society is typically rather low, though can be relatively high, depending on the conditions and technology. Social and Political Structures of Horticultural Societies Horticultural societies were documented by anthropologists all over the world, using various types of tools and technologies, in many different climatic and ecological conditions. Because of these variables, there was also variety in the social and political structures of these societies in history, and in those that exist today. Horticultural societies can have a matrilineal or patrilineal social organization. In either, ties focused on kinship are common, though larger horticultural societies will have more complex forms of social organization. Throughout history, many were matrilineal because the social ties and structure were organized around the feminized work of crop cultivation. (Conversely, hunter-gatherer societies were typically patrilineal because their social ties and structure were organized around the masculinized work of hunting.) Because women are at the center of work and survival in horticultural societies, they are highly valuable to men. For this reason, polygyny- when a husband has multiple wives- is common. Meanwhile, it is common in horticultural societies that men take on political or militaristic roles. Politics in horticultural societies is often centered on the redistribution of food and resources within the community. Evolution of Horticultural Societies The kind of agriculture practiced by horticultural societies is considered a pre-industrial subsistence method. In most places around the world, as technology was developed and where animals were available for plowing, agrarian societies developed. However, this is not exclusively true. Horticultural societies exist to this day  and can be found primarily in wet, tropical climates in Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Airline Customer Relationship Management Tool

Existing System b. proposed System 3. Feasibility Report a. Technical Feasibility b. Operational Feasibility c. Economical Feasibility 4. System Requirement Specification Document a. Overview b. Modules Description c. Process Flow d. SDLC Methodology e. Software Requirements f. Hardware Requirements 5. System Design a. DFD b. E-R diagram c. UML d. Data Dictionary 6. Technology Description 7. Coding 8. Testing Debugging Techniques 9. Output Screens 10. Reports 11. Future Enhancements 2. Conclusion 13. Bibliography * INTRODUCTION The Main Objective of this System is to design a system to accommodate the needs of customers. This application helps a customer to know about the flight’s information and can reserve seats throughout the globe irrespective of the location. This is a computerized system to make seats reservations, keep ticket bookings and availability details up-to-date. This web based system provides all flight’s information, availability of flights, availabili ty of seats. It contains information about pilots, air hostess and airport information. It also provides time schedules for different flights and source, destination details. It provides cost of tickets and enquiry details. Features of the project Reduces the complexity present in the manual system and saves time. 1. Users can access the required data easily. 2. It maintains accurate information. 3. Provides instantaneous updated information to all users. 4. Communication is fast and clear and avoids misunderstandings. It is a computerized system to make room reservations and keep room bookings and availability of details up-to-date System Analysis Purpose of the System This web based system provides all flight’s information, availability of flights, availability of seats. It contains information about pilots, air hostess and airport information. It also provides time schedules for different flights and source, destination details. It provides cost of tickets and enquiry details. Existing System * This system doesn’t provide register the multiple Flights * This system doesn’t provide online help to the public Proposed System The development of this new system contains the following activities, which try to develop on-line application by keeping the entire process in the view of database integration approach. * This system provide online help to the public * This system provide agents registration and book the bulk tickets * This system provide late running flights information before 3 hours * Online status of the tickets must be provided in real time Feasibility Study TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY Evaluating the technical feasibility is the trickiest part of a feasibility study. This is because, at this point in time, not too many detailed design of the system, making it difficult to access issues like performance, costs on (on account of the kind of technology to be deployed) etc. A number of issues have to be considered while doing a technical analysis. i) Understand the different technologies involved in the proposed system Before commencing the project, we have to be very clear about what are the technologies that are to be required for the development of the new system. i) Find out whether the organization currently possesses the required technologies * Is the required technology available with the organization? * If so is the capacity sufficient? For instance – â€Å"Will the current printer be able to handle the new reports and forms required for the new system? † OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned into information systems that will meet the organizations operating requirements. Simply sta ted, this test of feasibility asks if the system will work when it is developed and installed. Are there major barriers to Implementation? Here are questions that will help test the operational feasibility of a project: * Is there sufficient support for the project from management from users? If the current system is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not be able to see reasons for change, there may be resistance. * Are the current business methods acceptable to the user? If they are not, Users may welcome a change that will bring about a more operational and useful systems. * Have the user been involved in the planning and development of the project? Early involvement reduces the chances of resistance to the system and in * General and increases the likelihood of successful project. Since the proposed system was to help reduce the hardships encountered. In the existing manual system, the new system was considered to be operational feasible. ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY Economic feasibility attempts 2 weigh the costs of developing and implementing a new system, agai nst the benefits that would accrue from having the new system in place. This feasibility study gives the top management the economic justification for the new system. A simple economic analysis which gives the actual comparison of costs and benefits are much more meaningful in this case. In addition, this proves to be a useful point of reference to compare actual costs as the project progresses. There could be various types of intangible benefits on account of automation. These could include increased customer satisfaction, improvement in product quality better decision making timeliness of information, expediting activities, improved accuracy of operations, better documentation and record keeping, faster retrieval of information, better employee morale. System Requirement Specification Modules Description No of Modules The system after careful analysis has been identified to be presented with the following modules: The Modules involved are 1. Admin 2. Flight 3. Reservation SDLC METHDOLOGIES This document play a vital role in the development of life cycle (SDLC) as it describes the complete requirement of the system. It means for use by developers and will be the basic during testing phase. Any changes made to the requirements in the future will have to go through formal change approval process. SPIRAL MODEL was defined by Barry Boehm in his 1988 article, â€Å"A spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement. This model was not the first model to discuss iterative development, but it was the first model to explain why the iteration models. As originally envisioned, the iterations were typically 6 months to 2 years long. Each phase starts with a design goal and ends with a client reviewing the progress thus far. Analysis and engineering efforts are applied at each phase of the project, with an eye toward the end goal of the project. The steps for Spiral Model can be generalized as follows: * The new system requirements are defined in as much details as possible. This usually involves interviewing a number of users representing all the external or internal users and other aspects of the existing system. * A preliminary design is created for the new system. * A first prototype of the new system is constructed from the preliminary design. This is usually a scaled-down system, and represents an approximation of the characteristics of the final product. A second prototype is evolved by a fourfold procedure: 1. Evaluating the first prototype in terms of its strengths, weakness, and risks. 2. Defining the requirements of the second prototype. 3. Planning an designing the second prototype. 4. Constructing and testing the second prototype. * At the customer option, the entire project can be aborted if the risk is deemed too great. Risk factors might involved development cost overruns, operating-cost miscalculation, or an y other factor that could, in the customer’s judgment, result in a less-than-satisfactory final product. * The existing prototype is evaluated in the same manner as was the previous prototype, and if necessary, another prototype is developed from it according to the fourfold procedure outlined above. * The preceding steps are iterated until the customer is satisfied that the refined prototype represents the final product desired. * The final system is constructed, based on the refined prototype. * The final system is thoroughly evaluated and tested. Routine maintenance is carried on a continuing basis to prevent large scale failures and to minimize down time. The following diagram shows how a spiral model acts like: Fig 1. 0-Spiral Model ADVANTAGES * Estimates(i. e. budget, schedule etc . ) become more relistic as work progresses, because important issues discoved earlier. * It is more able to cope with the changes that are software development generally entails. * Software engineers can get their hands in and start woring on the core of a project earlier. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENT Software Requirements Operating System:Windows XP Professional or Above. Languages:C#. NET, ASP. NET Data Base:SQL Server. Web Server: IIS 5. 0 OR Above. Hardware Requirements Processor:Pentium IV Hard Disk:40GB RAM:512MB or more

Middle Eastern Origins of International Terrorism since 1945 Essay

Middle Eastern Origins of International Terrorism since 1945 - Essay Example For as long as we have had war, terrorism has been with us as a tactic to bring about change in atmospheres of political discontent and also to maintain control. From the Irish War to Osama Bin Laden, the world has experienced political activism to the extent of vandal, murder and suicide. According to Delaware: â€Å"The history of terrorism dates back at least 1500 years when Jewish resistance groups (66 - 72 A.D.) known as Zealots killed Roman soldiers and destroyed Roman property†. By the middle of the century, the Middle East has perfected and monopolized terror as a strategy to maintain control and promote their regimes. According to Middle East Info: â€Å"The Middle East includes 7 out of 19 of the most repressive regimes in the world. Arab and Iranian dictators oppress their subjects, sponsor half of the world’s major terror groups and imperil Israel, the Middle East’s sole democracy†. Today, tearful vigils in remembrance of the September 11 bombi ng of the World Trade Center in New York is the most historical bookmark of Middle Eastern terror. Concept of Terrorism Emotion is the culprit behind many of life’s extremities. Even a terroristic movement starts with some degree of emotional conflict. The concept of terrorism initially brings to mind political manipulation, kidnappings, bombings, and surprise attacks. The saddest aspect of the term is it is often aimed toward innocent bystanders, including women, senior citizens, and children who have no connection to any perceived offense. â€Å"Terrorism has been described variously as both a tactic and strategy; a crime and a holy duty; a justified reaction to oppression and an inexcusable abomination† .... ine terrorism in terms of law are listed in the table below: Definition of Terrorism, United States Code, (United States Code, 2012) Title 22 Chapter 38 of the United States Code (regarding the Department of State)definition of terrorism: : "The term 'terrorism' means premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents† Title 18 United States Code defines international terrorism as: "Activities that . . . involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States†¦[and] appear to be intended . . . to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; . . . to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or . . . to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping† The essenc e of any terrorist movement is its threat to society. It is the basis for the existence of Homeland Security agencies. Regardless of how it is defined, terrorist tactics add up to one thing: violence. The violent approach arose from several circumstances in the 20th century. Nationalism developed in many countries, which undergirded many political movements and the formation of nationalist interest groups. The World Wars and the Cold War made fighting, death, and casualties a commonality. The tactic of taking hostages was added to the list of methods of political objection. The wars delegitimized any theories of peace and non-violent protest (Terrorism Research, 2012). The wars desensitized people to the death and breaking laws (Terrorist Research, 2012). The death toll of the wars overshadowed